Эссе: Phonetics and phonology

Phonetics - the science that studies the sound matter of the language, its semantic functions and the lines of development.- the science that deals with phonemes and their sequences. It is functional phonetics since it investigates the functional side of phonemes, accent, syllable, and intonation [3; 261].sciences are very important for learning language. Very often they are mixed, but we have to differentiate them. To know English well we should learn not only grammar and vocabulary but we should know right pronunciation of the sounds.aim of my work is to show the importance of English phonetics and phonology.I have put such tasks, as: .to study history, development of phonetics and phonology; . to indicate different branches of phonetics; . to look on connection phonetics with other sciences; . to find out differences between phonetics and phonology. These items are actual and important even nowadays. Phonetics and phonology are worth studying for several reasons. One is that as all study of language, the study of phonology gives us insight into how the human mind works. Two more reasons are that the study of the phonetics of a foreign language gives us a much better ability both to hear and to correct mistakes that we make, and also to teach pronunciation of the foreign language to others.

Both describe the sounds + the combinatory possibilities of the sounds and the prosody of the language (how pitch, loudness and length work to produce accent, rhythm, and intonation) Phonetics - describes the speech sounds that occur in the languages of the world - conc. with the concrete characteristics of the sounds (articulatory, acoustic, auditory) - determines the nature of the sounds, their patterns, and aspects of the sounds necessary for conveying the meaning - phone = the basic unit of phonetics, the smallest identifiable unit found in a stream of speech that is able to be transcribed with an IPA symbol, a concrete realisation of a phoneme - allophone = a phonetic variant of a phoneme in a particular language, the basis for narrow phonetic transcription Phonology - describes the systems and patterns of sounds in a language - conc. with the function of the sounds in a systemic way in a particular language - determines its distinctive sounds, establishes a set of rules to describe the changes in these sounds in different relationships with other sounds - the phonology of a language = the set of rules describing the changes in the underlying sounds (or, phonemes) occurring in speech - phonemics = the traditional approach to phonology, analyses the stream of speech into a sequence of contrastive segments (‘contrastive’ = ‘contrasting with other segments which might change the meaning’) - phoneme = the basic unit of phonology, an abstract unit, not a single sound but a group of sounds used to differentiate words - the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language, defined according to its allophones and environments (American structuralist tradition) or as a set of distinctive features (generative tradition) - the basis for writing down a language to record the variations btw sounds used to differentiate meaning = broad phonemic transcription // - a word can be realised by a single phoneme (e.g. I, oh, ah)